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101: Adaptive Servoventilation
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Question 1 of 15
1. Question
1. its advanced Adaptive-Servo Ventilation (ASV) algorithm, the ResMed VPAP Adapt SV provides ventilatory support to rapidly treat all forms of central sleep apnea (CSA), mixed apnea and periodic breathing, commonly known as _______.
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Question 2 of 15
2. Question
2. To ensure ventilatory support is synchronized to the patient’s effort, the VPAP Adapt SV relies on factors one and two. When a central apnea/hypopnea occurs, support initially continues to reflect the _______. However, as the apnea/hypopnea persists, the device increasingly uses the backup respiratory rate.
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Question 3 of 15
3. Question
3. Most CSA/CSR patients have trouble tolerating conventional bilevel ventilatory support. The pressure must be adjusted to a constant high level to adequately support a patient during apnea/hypopnea. This leads to over-ventilation during periods of normal breathing or hyperpnea, which causes arousals and discomfort. It can even _______ CSA events.
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Question 4 of 15
4. Question
4. By ventilating the patient appropriately during periods of hypopnea and apnea and reducing support during periods of hyperventilation and normal breathing, the ASV algorithm rapidly stabilizes breathing patterns and _______ and minimizes discomfort and arousals often associated with bilevel treatment. which can lead to vocal cord closure and further apneas.
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Question 5 of 15
5. Question
5. Cheyne-Stokes respiration (CSR) is a distinct pattern of periodic breathing with alternating crescendo–decrescendo sequences of hyperventilation and apnoea, often found in _______.
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Question 6 of 15
6. Question
6. Overall compliance with treatment was 4.7 (2.6) h/night at three months and 4.3 (3.1) h/night at six months. In contrast to ASV, compliance with CPAP significantly decreased over time and, therefore, compliance at _______ was higher with ASV than with CPAP.
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Question 7 of 15
7. Question
7. According to the study presented in this course, in summary, our study showed that both CPAP and ASV decrease AHI but that ASV induced a greater decrease in AHI than did CPAP, with a consistent normalisation of AHI.
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Question 8 of 15
8. Question
8. Arousal is the abrupt change from sleep to wakefulness or from a “deeper” stage of non-REM sleep to a “lighter” stage. These often correlate with changes in heart rate.
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Question 9 of 15
9. Question
9. The Basic Sleep Cycle is the progression through orderly succession of sleep states and stages. For the healthy adult, the first cycle begins in going from wakefulness to non-REM sleep. The initial REM period follows the first period of non-REM sleep, and the two sleep states alternate throughout the night with an average period of about 90 minutes. A night of normal human sleep usually consists of _____ non-REM/REM sleep cycles.
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Question 10 of 15
10. Question
10. _______ is a breathing pattern typified by regular “crescendo-decrescendo” or waxing and waning fluctuations in tidal volume. Often seen in the setting of neurologic disease, congestive heart failure, and high altitute.
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Question 11 of 15
11. Question
11. According to a study presented here, in a one month randomized parallel trial versus placebo, ASV was recently reported to induce a significant improvement in daytime sleepiness, as well as in plasma brain natriuretic factor and catecholamine urinary excretion, both markers of CHF prognosis.
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Question 12 of 15
12. Question
12. So long as ventilation is at or above the target:
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Question 13 of 15
13. Question
13. Periodic Limb Movement Disorder (PLMD) is a syndrome also known as periodic leg movements or nocturnal myoclonus. Characterized by periodic episodes of repetitive and highly stereotyped limb movements occurring during sleep. The movements are often associated with a partial arousal or awakening; however, the patient is usually _______ the limb movements or frequent sleep disruption. Between the episodes, the legs are still. There can be marked night-to-night variability in the number of movements or in the existence of movements.
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Question 14 of 15
14. Question
14. Rapid Eye Movement sleep is characterized by the most active brain activity, flitting motions of the eyes, and weakness of the muscles. Most dreaming occurs in this stage, which accounts for about _______% of sleep in adults.
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Question 15 of 15
15. Question
15. Sleep Debt is the result of recurrent sleep deprivation which occurs over time when an individual does not experience a sufficient amount of the restorative daily sleep that is required to maintain a sense of feeling rested and refreshed.
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