402 History and Philosophy of Occupational Therapy

1. Occupational therapy began as a profession in the United States in _______ with the founding of the Society for the Promotion of Occupational Therapy.

2. In 1975, following the enactment of legislation known as the Education for All Handicapped Children Act, thousands of occupational therapists were employed by public schools to provide therapeutic services (known as related services) to enable children with disabilities to participate in regular school settings. Originally, therapists from approved training programs were certified, or registered by the _______.

3. A new discipline within occupational therapy has opened up recently known as occupational science.

4. Occupational therapy practitioners are skilled professionals whose education includes the study of human growth and development with specific emphasis on the _______ components of illness and injury.

5. Most registered occupational therapists (OTR) practicing in the field today possess a Bachelor of Science degree in occupational therapy. However, by 2007, all OTRs will enter the field with a Masters (M.S. or MOT) or Doctoral degree (OTD). A certified occupational therapy assistant (COTA) generally earns an associate degree.

6. To become eligible for the national examination for certification, students must complete a minimum of two (three maximum) supervised clinical internships in _______

7. The philosophy of occupational therapy has evolved over the history of the profession. The philosophy articulated by the founders owed much to the ideals of _______ which are collectively considered the fundamental ideologies of the past century.

8. Over the past century, the underlying philosophy of occupational therapy has evolved from being a diversion from illness, to treatment, to enablement through meaningful occupation. The two most commonly mentioned values are that occupation is essential for health and the concept of holism

9. Occupational therapy is based on the belief that the organizing, self-fulfilling characteristics of occupations/activities make them important mechanisms of adaptation

10. Meaningful activities are those that the individual views as important, match perceived social roles, are maintained in the individual’s repertoire of activities, and relate to life satisfaction.

11. “Engagement in occupation” is the overarching outcome of the occupational therapy process. The means and end of occupational therapy is client performance in occupational or activities that are meaningful and purposeful to the person.

12. The right of the individual to quality health care necessitates provision of high quality education experiences to occupational therapy students. Essential educational components include _______.

13. A wide variety of people may benefit from occupational therapy, these may include people with:

14. Activities of daily living (ADLs), is a way to describe the functional status of a person

15. Health professionals, especially occupational therapists look at many Activities of Daily Living. These are the activities that are fundamental for self care. They include_______

16. Instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) include activities not necessary for fundamental functioning, but still very useful in a community. _______ is (are) in this category, and occupational therapists also look at IADLs when completing assessments.

17. There are systems (such as the Katz ADL scale) that seek to quantify these functions and obtain a numerical value. These systems are useful for the _______ of care and resources.

18. A simple assessment of the IADLs is frequently done by asking about the ability to do shopping, housekeeping, personal finances, food preparation, and get around (e.g. driving). These tasks can be remembered with the mnemonic _______.

19. The Bobath Concept is an important approach to rehabilitation in the care of patients with injuries to the_______

20. Ergonomics is the application of scientific information concerning humans to the design of objects, systems and environment for human use

21. Ergonomics is the science of designing a person’s environment so that it facilitates the highest level of function6

22. Occupational therapy practitioners are trained in the structure and function of the human body and the effects of illness and injury

23. The history of hand surgery essentially began with WWII, when plastic, general, and orthopedic surgeons treated soldiers, sailors and airmen

24. For people who are recovering from a work-related injury, an occupational therapy program will facilitate recovery

25. Regardless of the job, the goal is to have an ergonomic setting; that is, one intended to maximize productivity by minimizing fatigue and discomfort