1. Understand the Basic Concepts of Diabetes:
   • Define diabetes and describe its primary characteristic of elevated blood glucose levels.
   • Differentiate between the main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, Gestational Diabetes, LADA, and MODY.
2. Identify and Explain the Pathophysiology of Each Type of Diabetes:
   • Explain the autoimmune nature of Type 1 diabetes and its impact on insulin production.
   • Describe the mechanisms of insulin resistance and impaired insulin production in Type 2 diabetes.
   • Understand the temporary nature of gestational diabetes and its hormonal causes.
   • Discuss the characteristics of LADA and its overlap with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
   • Explain the genetic basis and clinical presentation of MODY.
3. Recognize Risk Factors and Epidemiological Trends:
   • Identify key risk factors for developing diabetes, including genetic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.
   • Analyze global trends in diabetes prevalence and understand the differences in prevalence between urban and rural areas.
4. Diagnose and Manage Diabetes:
   • Understand the diagnostic criteria and methods for each type of diabetes, including blood glucose testing and emerging technologies.
   • Discuss current and emerging treatment options, including lifestyle interventions, medications, and technological advancements.
5. Appreciate the Public Health Implications of Diabetes:
   • Understand the significance of monitoring and understanding diabetes trends for public health planning.
   • Discuss the challenges in managing diabetes at the population level and strategies for improving treatment outcomes and prevention efforts.
6. Apply Knowledge to Clinical and Public Health Contexts:
   • Utilize knowledge of diabetes types, risk factors, and treatments in clinical decision-making and patient education.
   • Advocate for and implement strategies for diabetes prevention and management within communities and healthcare settings

1. Understand the Basic Concepts of Diabetes:
   • Define diabetes and describe its primary characteristic of elevated blood glucose levels.
   • Differentiate between the main types of diabetes: Type 1, Type 2, Gestational Diabetes, LADA, and MODY.
2. Identify and Explain the Pathophysiology of Each Type of Diabetes:
   • Explain the autoimmune nature of Type 1 diabetes and its impact on insulin production.
   • Describe the mechanisms of insulin resistance and impaired insulin production in Type 2 diabetes.
   • Understand the temporary nature of gestational diabetes and its hormonal causes.
   • Discuss the characteristics of LADA and its overlap with both Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes.
   • Explain the genetic basis and clinical presentation of MODY.
3. Recognize Risk Factors and Epidemiological Trends:
   • Identify key risk factors for developing diabetes, including genetic, lifestyle, and socioeconomic factors.
   • Analyze global trends in diabetes prevalence and understand the differences in prevalence between urban and rural areas.
4. Diagnose and Manage Diabetes:
   • Understand the diagnostic criteria and methods for each type of diabetes, including blood glucose testing and emerging technologies.
   • Discuss current and emerging treatment options, including lifestyle interventions, medications, and technological advancements.
5. Appreciate the Public Health Implications of Diabetes:
   • Understand the significance of monitoring and understanding diabetes trends for public health planning.
   • Discuss the challenges in managing diabetes at the population level and strategies for improving treatment outcomes and prevention efforts.
6. Apply Knowledge to Clinical and Public Health Contexts:
   • Utilize knowledge of diabetes types, risk factors, and treatments in clinical decision-making and patient education.
   • Advocate for and implement strategies for diabetes prevention and management within communities and healthcare settings

The role of RTs and Nurses is evolving and growing. Historically their place to shine has been in hospital and notably in critical care. Although this is still absolutely true, and remains relevant, a broadening scope within these professions is emerging. Standing on the shoulders of home care and with the Extra Mural Program (the hospital without walls that provides health care in the home), we are seeing greater expansion of their role in the community. RTs and Nurses are in asthma and COPD clinics, community-based pulmonary rehab, and community health centers.

The health care system is broken, and it has been broken for a long time. There is an emerging trend for multidisciplinary teams to deliver primary health care (PHC). This novel approach PHC is proving to be advantageous. Respiratory Therapists (RTs) and Nurses are working collaboratively within multidisciplinary teams, infusing the health care system with focusing on disease prevention and health promotion versus the dated practice of waiting until the client is at their worst health to intervene. People deserve to live their best life with their illness, RTs and Nurses can contribute to making that possible.

Neonatal care refers to that care given to the newborn infant from the time of delivery through about the first month of life. The term “neonate” is used for the newborn infant during this 28–30-day period.

Neonatal care begins as soon as the baby is born. In fact, suctioning of the nose and mouth may take place as the baby is in the process of being delivered—with the head out, and while the mother is taking a pause before the next push. In utero the infant is swimming in amniotic fluid. As he or she comes down the birth canal, the contractions exert pressure on the body and push some of the amniotic fluid out of the lungs. It is this fluid that is suctioned out during those first few moments. Shortly after delivery, the umbilical cord is clamped and then cut. Shortly after clamping, the cord will be checked for the presence of two arteries and one vein. Once the cord is clamped, the baby must breathe and function independently from the mother. The first few breaths cause several internal changes to occur.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to Identify, Study and Discuss:

1. Define OSA and describe its symptoms, causes, pathology, and treatments
2. Discuss the interactions/relationships between COR PULMONALE & OSA
3. Identify and discuss the wide variety of sleep disorders, including their symptoms, consequences, and treatments
4. Explain what is meant by “insomnia” and discuss its prevalence and treatments
5. Discuss the current status of sleep among people living in the United States

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

BY THE END OF READING THIS LESSON, THE PRACTITIONER WILL BE ABLE TO:

• Compare and contrast the difference between primary acidosis and primary alkalotic states.
• Describe three metabolic problems. Do they result in alkalosis or acidosis? Why?
• Describe three respiratory problems. Do they result in acidosis or alkalosis? Why?
• Describe the process utilized to interpret acid-base disorders.
• Differentiate between oxygen transport and carbon dioxide production and elimination.
• Assess oxygenation at the tissue levels.

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

1. Define what is meant by “tuberculosis” and the Tubercle Bacillus pathogenesis process once an exposure infection occurs
2. Identify what is meant by “Responsibility for Successful Treatment of Tuberculosis”
3. Identify recommended treatment regimens
4. Identify the practical aspects of patient management during treatment
5. Identify the specific treatments in special situations
6. Identify the role of the Public Health Department
7. Identify the steps involved in promoting treatment adherence
8. Identify the CDC guidelines for mandatory reporting requirements of TB
9. Identify the statistics for TB patients and their areas of concentration within the U.S.

(153 pages)

LEARNING OBJECTIVES

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

1. Define what is meant by “tuberculosis” and the Tubercle Bacillus pathogenesis process once an exposure infection occurs
2. Identify what is meant by “Responsibility for Successful Treatment of Tuberculosis”
3. Identify recommended treatment regimens
4. Identify the practical aspects of patient management during treatment
5. Identify the specific treatments in special situations
6. Identify the role of the Public Health Department
7. Identify the steps involved in promoting treatment adherence
8. Identify the CDC guidelines for mandatory reporting requirements of TB
9. Identify the statistics for TB patients and their areas of concentration within the U.S.

The role of RTs and Nurses is evolving and growing. Historically their place to shine has been in hospital and notably in critical care. Although this is still absolutely true, and remains relevant, a broadening scope within these professions is emerging. Standing on the shoulders of home care and with the Extra Mural Program (the hospital without walls that provides health care in the home), we are seeing greater expansion of their role in the community. RTs and Nurses are in asthma and COPD clinics, community-based pulmonary rehab, and community health centers.

The health care system is broken, and it has been broken for a long time. There is an emerging trend for multidisciplinary teams to deliver primary health care (PHC). This novel approach PHC is proving to be advantageous. Respiratory Therapists (RTs) and Nurses are working collaboratively within multidisciplinary teams, infusing the health care system with focusing on disease prevention and health promotion versus the dated practice of waiting until the client is at their worst health to intervene. People deserve to live their best life with their illness, RTs and Nurses can contribute to making that possible.

Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this continuing education course, you should be able to:

• Identify why sleep apnea is of concern to anesthetists, explaining the various risks
• Describe the nature and effects of sleep and anesthesia on ventilation
• Identify and discuss the effect of age and other physiological variables in sleep
• Explain the various potential dangers of anesthesia and sleep disordered breathing

Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this continuing education course, you should be able to:

• Identify why sleep apnea is of concern to anesthetists, explaining the various risks
• Describe the nature and effects of sleep and anesthesia on ventilation
• Identify and discuss the effect of age and other physiological variables in sleep
• Explain the various potential dangers of anesthesia and sleep disordered breathing

Learning Objectives

Upon successful completion of this continuing education course, you should be able to:

• Identify why sleep apnea is of concern to anesthetists, explaining the various risks
• Describe the nature and effects of sleep and anesthesia on ventilation
• Identify and discuss the effect of age and other physiological variables in sleep
• Explain the various potential dangers of anesthesia and sleep disordered breathing

Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course, you should be able to:

-Identify and discuss the key elements of basic sleep science, including circadian biology
and Sleep Neurobiology Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics of Sleep and Waking

Identify and discuss the key elements of restricted sleep, including the neurobehavioral
and physiological effects

– Discuss what is referred to as “enabling technology” in regard to analysis of sleep-wake
states, and postmortem brain analysis in sleep disorder patients

– Describe the impact of sleep on health, including sex differences, racial and ethnic
disparities, aging, safety, and medical conditions

-Identify and explain sleep disorders, including sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia,
narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome and parasomnias

Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course, you should be able to:

-Identify and discuss the key elements of basic sleep science, including circadian biology
and Sleep Neurobiology Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics of Sleep and Waking

Identify and discuss the key elements of restricted sleep, including the neurobehavioral
and physiological effects

– Discuss what is referred to as “enabling technology” in regard to analysis of sleep-wake
states, and postmortem brain analysis in sleep disorder patients

– Describe the impact of sleep on health, including sex differences, racial and ethnic
disparities, aging, safety, and medical conditions

-Identify and explain sleep disorders, including sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia,
narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome and parasomnias

Learning Objectives
Upon successful completion of this course, you should be able to:

-Identify and discuss the key elements of basic sleep science, including circadian biology
and Sleep Neurobiology Pharmacology and Pharmacogenetics of Sleep and Waking

Identify and discuss the key elements of restricted sleep, including the neurobehavioral
and physiological effects

– Discuss what is referred to as “enabling technology” in regard to analysis of sleep-wake
states, and postmortem brain analysis in sleep disorder patients

– Describe the impact of sleep on health, including sex differences, racial and ethnic
disparities, aging, safety, and medical conditions

-Identify and explain sleep disorders, including sleep-disordered breathing, insomnia,
narcolepsy, restless legs syndrome and parasomnias

Learning Objectives:

Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to:

• Relate arterial blood gas results to the abnormal physiologic processes underlying cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
• Classify the four types of acid-base imbalance according to underlying causes.
• Review the body’s mechanisms of compensation for acid-base imbalance.
• Compare and contrast hypoxia and hypoxemia.
• Examine various calculations which utilize arterial blood gas results and relate their clinical significance, such as the A-a gradient, arterial oxygen content, mixed venous oxygen content and the shunt equation.
• Review case studies, interpret the results of the arterial blood gas and describe the suggested course of action.

Learning Objectives:

Upon successful completion of this course, you will be able to:

• Relate arterial blood gas results to the abnormal physiologic processes underlying cardiopulmonary dysfunction.
• Classify the four types of acid-base imbalance according to underlying causes.
• Review the body’s mechanisms of compensation for acid-base imbalance.
• Compare and contrast hypoxia and hypoxemia.
• Examine various calculations which utilize arterial blood gas results and relate their clinical significance, such as the A-a gradient, arterial oxygen content, mixed venous oxygen content and the shunt equation.
• Review case studies, interpret the results of the arterial blood gas and describe the suggested course of action.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

BY THE END OF READING THIS LESSON, THE PRACTITIONER WILL BE ABLE TO:

• Compare and contrast the difference between primary acidosis and primary alkalotic states.
• Describe three metabolic problems. Do they result in alkalosis or acidosis? Why?
• Describe three respiratory problems. Do they result in acidosis or alkalosis? Why?
• Describe the process utilized to interpret acid-base disorders.
• Differentiate between oxygen transport and carbon dioxide production and elimination.
• Assess oxygenation at the tissue levels.

LEARNING OBJECTIVE:

BY THE END OF READING THIS LESSON, THE PRACTITIONER WILL BE ABLE TO:

• Compare and contrast the difference between primary acidosis and primary alkalotic states.
• Describe three metabolic problems. Do they result in alkalosis or acidosis? Why?
• Describe three respiratory problems. Do they result in acidosis or alkalosis? Why?
• Describe the process utilized to interpret acid-base disorders.
• Differentiate between oxygen transport and carbon dioxide production and elimination.
• Assess oxygenation at the tissue levels.